Aerodynamic Design and CFD Simulation in Formula 1 Underbody Optimization

Abstract

Since the modern era, aerodynamic design has become an indispensable element of automotive engineering, particularly in motorsport. Formula 1 stands as a prime example of aerodynamic design pushed to its absolute limits. Through meticulous aerodynamic configuration, Formula 1 cars generate immense downforce during races, thereby enhancing cornering speed and stability. In Formula 1, the underbody alone contributes more than half of the car’s total downforce. Consequently, the aerodynamic design of the racing car’s underbody plays a crucial role in its on-track performance. This article explores the principles of CFD simulation, including governing equations, turbulence models, and boundary condition settings. It examines diffuser design optimization and the degradation of aerodynamic performance under wake effects using CFD simulation methods. Furthermore, it discusses the limitations of CFD modelling and future directions for innovation in aerodynamic design.