Brief Description of Wing Structure and Materials

Abstract

This article systematically elaborates on the key technologies and development trends of aircraft wing structure optimization design. The article first points out that, in the context of continuous growth in air transportation volume and increasingly strict environmental requirements, the optimization design of the wing, as the core aerodynamic and load-bearing structure, is of decisive significance for enhancing the economic efficiency, safety, and environmental friendliness of aircraft. The article discusses from multiple dimensions including design theory, material application, manufacturing process and engineering practice. At the design level, it focuses on analyzing core theories such as aerodynamic structure coupling, force transmission path, strength and stiffness, and aerodynamic elasticity. At the material level, it traces the evolution path from traditional metal materials to advanced composite materials (such as CFRP) and even intelligent materials, emphasizing the core advantages of composite materials in achieving lightweighting, long lifespan and functionalization. At the manufacturing and optimization level, it explores how advanced technologies such as additive manufacturing, topology optimization, lattice structure and digital twin can drive the development of wings towards structural-function integration and digital design and manufacturing. Through case studies such as the Boeing 787, Airbus A350 and new-generation unmanned aircraft, the article verifies the engineering effectiveness of the aforementioned theories and technologies, and points out that green materials and circular design for sustainable aviation are important directions for future development. Overall, wing design is a deeply interdisciplinary field. In the future, it will surely integrate new materials, new technologies and intelligent technologies, and continue to evolve towards lighter, stronger, smarter and more environmentally friendly directions.