Analysis of Water Pollution Dynamics and Management Strategies in the Western Coastal Waters of Shenzhen

Abstract

This study examines the coastal waters of western Shenzhen, employing a comprehensive approach that integrates remote sensing inversion, long-term official monitoring data, and field sampling results. It systematically assesses the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and remediation effectiveness of water quality in representative areas such as Shenzhen Bay and Dacang Bay. Results indicate that between 2017 and 2023, inorganic nitrogen concentrations decreased by 54.4% and active phosphate concentrations by 10.3%. Significant water quality improvement trends were observed in certain areas (e.g., Dachan Bay), while the semi-enclosed Shenzhen Bay continues to face substantial pollution pressures. The study demonstrates that multi-source data fusion effectively compensates for the limitations of single monitoring methods, providing robust evidence for accurately identifying pollution sources and ecological risks. Concurrently, integrating multi-tiered comprehensive management measures—including wetland restoration, ecological shoreline construction, land-based pollution prevention and control, and port and shipping management—helps alleviate the pressure of human activities on marine ecosystems, achieving long-term, steady water quality improvement. This research provides valuable data support and governance insights for advancing marine ecological security and sustainable development within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.